Micro, SMEs in Photonics Industry and suporting platform/measure
フォトニクス産業における微細、中小企業の役割と支援策
1. Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for Our Nation
National Research CouncilCheckrecent data by D. Mowery |
Advanced Photonic Measurements and Applications (Chapter 8): Key Recommendation: Small U.S. companies should be encouraged and supported by the government to address market opportunities for applying research advances to niche markets while exploiting high-volume consumer components. These markets can lead to significant expansion of U.S.-based jobs while capitalizing on U.S.-based research. During 1984-2001, the structure of U.S. industrial R&D performance also has changed significantly (see Figure). The share of overall industrial R&D performance accounted for by the largest U.S. firms has declined significantly, from 60 percent in 1984 to less than 40 percent by 2001. The share of the smallest firms (fewer than 500 employees) has more than doubled during this period, and the share of industrial R&D performance accounted for by firms with 500-9,999 employees also has grown significantly. Some of this growth in the share of smaller firms may reflect alliances with larger firms and other types of outsourcing. Nonetheless, the role of the largest U.S. firms in industrial R&D has declined significantly during this period. The committee's studies in this chapter and in Chapter 7 suggest that trends in the structure of photonics-specific industrial R&D are likely to resemble these overall trends. These trends also may reflect growth in the role of inter-firm "markets for technology," as smaller, specialized firms develop new technologies for sale or license to larger firms that seek to commercialize or incorporate these technologies into their products. Another factor in the growth of U.S. technology licensing activity has been the increased presence of U.S. universities in patenting and licensing faculty research discoveries, a trend that was encouraged and legitimized by the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980. Such "markets for technology" also have benefited from another significant development during 1984-2001 in the United States—the shift in policy to stronger patent-holder rights. |
2. Towards 2020 – Photonics driving economic growth in Europe
CheckMultiannual Strategic Roadmap 2014 – 2020 April 2013